“About 85 per cent of my camp is in ruins after Cyclone Mocha wreaked havoc here,” says Daw Nu, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) community health worker living in Sittwe. 
 
“All hut-like houses are destroyed. People who live in houses like these are in dire need of emergency aid since they have no place to stay.” 

Daw Nu’s house was battered by the heavy rains and 280 km per hour winds of Mocha, a category-five cyclone making landfall in Myanmar in mid-May, the largest of its kind to hit Rakhine state and the northwest of the country in over a decade. 

Response delayed by restrictions

More than two months on, despite the magnitude of this disaster, scaling up an emergency response to address the immense needs of people impacted is still not happening. 

Humanitarian relief is at a standstill due to restrictions imposed by military authorities, who only permit regular pre-cyclone activities to run and prohibit any scale up of a cyclone-specific response.

This includes restrictions on large-scale distributions of relief items like food supplies, hygiene kits, and much-needed bamboo and tarpaulins for building or repairing shelters.

Military authorities should lift these restrictions to facilitate an urgent scale up of humanitarian action to prevent further harm, outbreak of diseases and loss of life.

Escalating needs on top of existing hardship 

Those most severely impacted by Cyclone Mocha are communities who have already been displaced by conflict and are often living in camps, people living in low-lying areas, as well as people living in remote areas, far from where assistance efforts have been concentrated. 

Shelter, reconstruction of destroyed or damaged water and sanitation infrastructure, safe drinking water, food, and access to healthcare remain the most urgent, vast and unmet needs.

This destruction comes on top of existing hardship, particularly for Rohingya and ethnic Rakhine communities displaced by conflict and already heavily reliant on humanitarian assistance.

Rohingya people face severe restrictions on all aspects of their life such as freedom of movement, access to healthcare, livelihood opportunities and education.

Initial response shows positive engagement possible

On 14 May, when Cyclone Mocha caused landfall it was a deadly combination of spiralling winds around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, which caused the scale of destruction that Daw Saw Nuw and an estimated 670,000 others experienced.  

Initial response efforts were positive. The military authorities and armed groups, such as the Arakan Army, led on cleaning debris from roads. Telecommunications and electricity were restored within a reasonable time. 

As the scale of destruction became clearer, humanitarian organisations readied themselves to scale up and prevent further loss of life and suffering. 

MSF teams prioritised prevention of waterborne diseases through the distribution of drinking water to 9,000 people per week, and repairs of destroyed latrines and water systems. We also gradually resumed our regular mobile clinics, and emergency medical referrals for patients in need of more specialised treatment.

Response efforts disrupted

This came to a halt on 8 June when three weeks after the cyclone hit, travel authorisations for Rakhine state were suspended temporarily. Revoking our teams’ travel authorisations meant we were unable to open any of our 25 basic healthcare clinics.

The provision of lifesaving medical humanitarian assistance covering an estimated 214,000 people in central Rakhine and 250,000 people in northern Rakhine was disrupted.  

After a three-day interruption, activities were officially permitted to resume on 11 June,  but only those already agreed before the cyclone. Authorisation to scale up responses based on the additional needs created by the cyclone were not granted.

Temporary disruptions shift to long-term obstructions

Today, the current response is far from what is required after a cyclone. Among the restrictions imposed on scaling up is a requirement to hand over relief items to the military authorities who will manage distribution. 

This requirement jeopardises the neutrality of humanitarian assistance, which in a conflict-affected state like Rakhine, will affect the trust communities have in humanitarian organisations.

It also goes against the humanitarian principles of impartiality, neutrality and independence, which MSF and other organisations abide by. 

Among the humanitarian community, the initial momentum to draw attention to these restrictions has waned.

Current situation cannot become the new normal

We are deeply concerned that the dire living conditions the cyclone has caused, the unnecessary restrictions that actively sustain these unacceptable conditions, and the lack of public attention being drawn to this situation are gradually becoming the new normal in Rakhine.

These restrictions are also contributing to a continued lack of financial commitment shown by donors towards people in Myanmar. 

The military authorities and other parties to the conflict are responsible for the people impacted by Cyclone Mocha. 

As such, the military authorities should lift the current restrictions and facilitate the unimpeded passage of medical and humanitarian relief items to people in need in a manner that does not compromise their impartiality and neutrality.