After more than one year of relentless war and destruction in Gaza, Palestine, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) teams are witnessing how dire living conditions, attacks in densely populated areas, poor access to food, and repeated displacements are leading to severe health issues for Palestinian children, newborns, and their mothers.

“We are treating infants who have infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, and skin diseases,” says Dr Mohammad Abu Tayyem, an MSF paediatrician working at Nasser hospital in south Gaza, where over 300 paediatric patients are treated every day. “Of course, we saw this before the war, but today we see it much more, and the figures continue to rise. We see overcrowding in the department, including children with acute pneumonia.” 

MSF teams face an overwhelming number of patients. Between June and October 2024, 3,421 babies and children under five years old were treated by MSF at the inpatient paediatric ward in Nasser hospital, with almost a quarter (22 per cent) related to diarrhoea and 8.9 per cent to meningitis.

During the same period, 168 newborn babies less than 1 month old, and more than 10,800 children between one and five years old, received consultations in the emergency room at Nasser for upper respiratory tract infections. Moreover, around 1,294 children aged between one and five were admitted in Nasser for lower respiratory tract infection, around 459 were pneumonia cases.

A year of war has decimated the health system and access to care

In the so-called “humanitarian zone” where displaced people are cramped, MSF provides neonatal, obstetric, and paediatric care at three healthcare clinics and in Nasser hospital, which has one of the sole functional maternity wards in the south of Gaza. Of the 36 hospitals in Gaza, only 17 remain partially functional as of 19 November.OCHA: https://www.ochaopt.org/content/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-19-november-2024 

Mothers in Gaza are taking risks when bringing their newborns and children to the few hospitals and health centres still available. They are forced to travel long distances on unsafe routes by foot or animal cart, in dusty and densely populated areas, to reach medical facilities. This journey exposes children and newborns to the danger of being attacked and puts them at high risk of health complications. Even after receiving treatment, newborns and children return to unsanitary living conditions, which in turn leads to a deterioration of their health conditions and ability to heal properly.

Faced with inadequate living conditions, shortages of hygiene products and food, and under constant stress, a significant number of mothers - themselves malnourished - give birth to premature babies and have an increased risk of postpartum complications. This crisis is further worsened by the acute shortage of essential medical and non-medical supplies in health facilities and hospitals. 

Colder temperatures bring new health risks

Families are living in crowded tents or under plastic sheeting and mixed fabrics, without clean water, sanitation services, hygiene items including soap, and other basic needs. Conditions are worsening with the upcoming winter and dropping temperatures, increasing risks of diseases like skin and respiratory infections, scabies, acute diarrhoea, and viral infections, especially among newborns and children. 

In addition to that, the rise in prices due to the drastic reduction in aid entering the Gaza Strip means that people are unable to afford nutritious food, which is already insufficient to meet the needs, leading to malnutrition especially in infants and children. The unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid into Gaza is a crucial solution to alleviate the suffering of people trapped in the Strip. It will improve the availability of essential lifesaving medical and non-medical supplies for people, including newborns, children, and mothers.

“I have no diapers for my son,” says Yasmin, a mother whose son is being treated in Nasser hospital. “I do not even have suitable clothing for him; I must use a plastic bag, and this exposes his skin to more infections and rashes. Living in a tent is exposing my children to extreme conditions, and they are sleeping without even a proper bed.”

“This period has been very difficult and long. It has been over a year now since the beginning of the war, and it has affected everyone greatly, especially the children who are in the growth stage,” says Dr Abu Tayyem. “This has been due to the lack of nutritious food and essential nutrients, which has impacted on the newborns' and children's health and building immunity, making them more vulnerable to infectious diseases.” 

“My son is always coughing,” says Yasmin. “I spend most of my time in the hospital. My son doesn’t laugh, doesn’t play, doesn’t drink milk. He sleeps all the time. The doctor says we must keep him away from fire [to prevent coughing], but how could we? Everything is cooked on a fire.”

To respond to ever-increasing medical needs, in Khan Younis, south Gaza, MSF teams support the paediatric department at Nasser hospital, including the emergency room, the nine-bed paediatric intensive care unit, and the 23-bed newborn intensive care unit.

MSF’s activities in paediatric, neonatal, and obstetric care are just a drop in the ocean of high medical needs in Gaza. An immediate and permanent ceasefire in Gaza is the only solution to ease the suffering of Gazans and guarantee access to healthcare and humanitarian aid.