Malaria is spread through the bite of certain mosquitoes that have been particularly rife in northern Burundi since late 2009. Malaria cases have spread in the provinces of Kayanza, Ngozi and Karusi. The Burundian authorities have asked MSF to help them respond to this emergency situation. MSF’s emergency teams rallied in Kayanza and Ngozi provinces to roll out a three-pronged strategy including supporting local hospitals, testing and treating patients in the various villages through mobile clinics, and the distributing mosquito nets to avoid new infections. A second MSF team is evaluating the situation in Karusi province.
Mobile clinics
Each of the 16 mobile clinics visits a hill three times a week. Feverish patients, or patients who report they had a fever, can be examined free of charge and receive whatever treatment they require. The more serious cases are transferred to the provincial hospital. The mobile clinics have already examined more than 32,000 people, and more than 70 percent of them had malaria. The mobile clinics play a critical role in reaching people living scattered among the hills who can otherwise be hard to access. Lepeta, 65, lives alone on Rukago hill. She has already had malaria three times since Christmas, and was running a fever again for some ten days. She could not afford any treatment, so she simply stayed at home. Her son finally took her to MSF's mobile clinic on his bicycle. The MSF teams then immediately transferred her to Kayanza hospital. It turns out Lepeta was suffering from a severe form of the disease. During her transfer to the hospital, Lepeta went into a coma. She is out of danger now, and recovering satisfactorily.
Strengthening the hospitals
MSF currently provides support to the provincial hospitals of Ngozi and Kayanza in order to ensure adequate and free treatment of patients. In these two facilities, the internal medicine, paediatric and emergency wards have all been reinforced with donations of drugs and other medical material. In order to relieve hospital wards, MSF has opened specialised services in tents for treating patients with complicated malaria. MSF has also trained medical staff so as to bolster hospital teams. The paediatric department has received particular attention, as children are especially vulnerable to the consequences of malaria. Claudine is nine years old. A few days ago, she developed malaria symptoms and her mother took her to the local health centre. Unfortunately, Claudine could not tolerate the treatment given, and systematically vomited up her medicine. Her state deteriorated, and she went into a half-coma. Without losing any time, her mother hoisted Claudine on to her back and carried her to Kayanza hospital, where she was admitted to the paediatric ward.
Mosquito net distribution
The mosquitoes responsible for the spread of malaria are most active at night. Sleeping under a mosquito net offers valuable protection against the disease. MSF staff have already distributed 36,000 mosquito nets, and is raising awareness in the population on how to use them properly, ensuring real protection. Malaria is endemic in Burundi so cases are registered even when no major epidemic is underway. Mosquitoes transmit the parasite vector through their bite, provoking bouts of fever and chills in the infected person. According to estimations, every year malaria kills more than one million people worldwide, and 20 percent of deaths in children under five on the African continent are caused by malaria.