MSF started to work in Kosovo in 1993, focusing on enlarged programs of immunization (EPI), water supply and sanitation activities, drugs distribution and medical support of both the official medical structures and Mother Teresa dispensaries (ambulantas).

Since 1998, MSF has been implementing emergency activities such as mobile clinics and relief assistance in order to respond to the needs of internal displaced population there. The targeted areas at that time were Pristina, Drenica, Istok, Prizren, Peja and Gjakova.

MSF withdrew from Kosovo on March 31, 1999, one week after the beginning of NATO air strikes, and followed the refugees flux to the neighboring countries.

MSF came back to Kosovo on June 12th and started operations in different areas : Peja and Istok, Prizren (they left Kosovo in May 2000), Gjakova and Gjilane, Skenderaj, Vushtrri and Mitrovica covering a total population of 750,000 inhabitants.

MSF is working with the minorities in three municipalities: Skenderaj, Vushtrri and Mitrovica.