“The constant fear and the feeling of being close to death is horrific,” says Wafa Muhammad Abdullah. “We have been bombarded with shells. A shell once hit my sister and injured one of her eyes. I can never forget seeing her bleeding.”

“We run and hide when the bombing starts,” Wafa says. “My children hide themselves under the blankets in terror.”

Thirty-year-old Wafa is among around a million residents of Taiz city, in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, which has faced a merciless and hostile conflict for over six years. Once known as the cultural capital of Yemen, Taiz has been one of the urban battlegrounds in the country’s ongoing civil war. The city has witnessed gun fighting in its streets and shelling on its people resulting in deaths, war wounds, psychological trauma and a halt to normal life. 

A city surviving under six years of war

Located in the highlands of south-western Yemen, near the port city of Mocha on the Red Sea, Taiz is the third most populous city of Yemen. It became a home to violence within weeks of the eruption of conflict in the country in 2015. Since then, there has hardly been a day when the people of Taiz have slept peacefully without shelling, gun fires, rocket attacks or airstrikes.

The marks of bullets and shells on the houses and the piles of collapsed structures caused by the airstrikes illustrate the story of destruction by the war that has entered its seventh year. After years of intense fighting, the frontline of the battle in Taiz forms a scar across the city. It runs from east to west, with Al-Houban, once a neighbourhood of Taiz, separated from the rest of the city.

Covered with landmines, the frontline through the middle of the city is now a no-man's land, watched over by snipers. This has bestowed the cultural capital of Yemen with a new name: the city of snipers.

Hesham, a Taiz resident, recalls the incident when he became a victim of a sniper shot.

“I was opposite the Yemeni Swedish Hospital accompanying my daughter, who was suffering from epilepsy,” says Hesham. “I left her with her mother to go and borrow money from the neighbours.”

“As I walked out, I was surprised by a sniper shot that hit my left shoulder. My body was covered in blood and I tried to stop the bleeding with my hand,” continues Hesham. “At the same moment, I stepped on a landmine that instantly exploded. I lost my leg from the explosion. There is no support, not even an artificial limb, with which I could move or walk. There is nothing.”

A city split in two

The city centre is cut off from the rest of the country. Taiz city is under the administration of the internationally recognised government of Yemen, whereas the northern side of the city is in the Ansar Allah-controlled part of Taiz governorate.

A journey from Taiz city to Al-Houban that took 10 minutes before the conflict now takes about five to six hours to avoid the frontline. The people travel miles through the mountains before turning back in the same direction they came, just to reach an area that they can see from their rooftop on a clear day. This has largely restricted people’s movement, making travel between the two neighbourhoods expensive, time consuming and exhausting.

Just like any other part of Yemen, the conflict in Taiz has brought significant economic challenges for people. They have seen prices of food and other necessities shooting up, sometimes up to 500 times since the fighting began. People’s buying power has reduced at the same time. Government employees, especially healthcare workers working for public hospitals, are rarely paid, leading to the closure of several medical facilities.

“I work as a paediatric nurse at Al-Thura hospital in Taiz,” explains Ahmad. “I do not regularly receive my salary, so I do a second job at night at a private hospital. The prices of food items and everything are so high that my two salaries are not enough to have a good life.”

Ahmad’s village is just eight kilometres away from Taiz city, but he travels for four hours to avoid the frontline.

“The situation was good before the war,” he says. “It was easy to travel anytime without fear and at an affordable price. The main roads are closed now.”

Healthcare inaccessible or unaffordable

The healthcare system hasn’t been able to escape consequences of the war. More than half of Yemen’s public health facilities are fully or partially non-functional. Some of those that are open are on the brink of shutting down, lacking medicines, staff and funds. Meanwhile, the private healthcare system is not affordable for the people who already struggle to buy food.

Hanan Rasheed Abdu Ali, 40, was admitted to the post-operative ward after delivering her third child through caesarean section at the maternity ward of the Al-Jamhouri hospital supported by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Taiz city. Her previous two deliveries were also through caesarean section, so she knew from the first day of pregnancy that another surgery was inevitable.

Hanan lives with her husband in Aden, a seven-hour journey from Taiz, and travelled all the way from Aden to deliver at the MSF-supported facility. She didn’t have a choice, as her husband was unable to afford the heavy cost of a caesarean section either at a public or a private hospital.

“We heard that MSF helps people and gives them everything for free. So, I came to Taiz city to give birth,” says Hanan. “The war destroyed the houses. The educational institutes and hospitals collapsed. There was no electricity; food prices increased, and there were no salaries. Those who didn't die of war died from hunger.”

MSF supporting pressing healthcare needs in Taiz

The people of Taiz are largely dependent on the support provided by humanitarian organisations. MSF has been supporting the health services since early 2016, a few months after the conflict erupted in 2015.

In 2020, after an in-depth assessment of several medical facilities and through discussions with patients, community groups and key stakeholders, we identified free and specialised secondary level reproductive healthcare services to be one of the main needs for the people of Taiz. The maternity unit at the Al-Jamhouri hospital, now supported by MSF, assists around 350 deliveries a month, and the teams admit 50 newborn babies in the special care baby unit. More than 1,500 women seek antenatal or postnatal services from the hospital in a month.

“MSF remains committed to address the urgent healthcare needs of the people of Taiz,” says Emilio Albacete, MSF project coordinator. “We work on both sides of the frontlines, providing free quality maternal and neonatal care which is one of the biggest needs in the area.”

“We receive patients from far-flung areas. Women make difficult journeys for hours to reach Taiz to seek our services because they don’t have them available close to their homes,” says Emilio. “Considering the travel restrictions and difficult routes, many can’t reach Taiz or go anywhere else.”

“There is an urgent need to strengthen the healthcare system in Taiz governorate,” continues Emilio. “We urge humanitarian organisations to support healthcare facilities to ensure basic care to women close to their houses.”

Considering Taiz’s large and densely packed population, the conflict has brought catastrophic damage to the city. Being a hub for economic, educational and healthcare facilities for the region, the city’s siege has created a negative trickledown impact, on not only the city and the governorate, but also the surrounding areas.

The tangible damage to the city is enormous, and without hope of a better tomorrow, the longstanding conflict is also shaping a mental health catastrophe for the people at large.