A year after fighting erupted across South Sudan's Upper Nile region, many of those who fled the violence remain around the village of Aburoc. But soon this community will face a difficult choice: stay in the area, where living conditions are harsh and getting worse or return home to their old villages where tensions persist.
"I tell my children that when it is time to die, we will die", says Ana, a mother of seven sitting outside her makeshift hut."We originally fled Malakal town; then last year fighting forced us to move twice as our homes were destroyed."
In May, there were more than 38,000 people fleeing the violence for Aburoc, in the north east of the country. But when they arrived there was no shelter, water or food. Clashes between the government and opposition forces were getting closer and the community was contemplating another move.
Tired of constantly fleeing
In the following months many left for the North. What remains is a market, a few tea shops, churches and even a bicycle repair shop. Heavily laden tractors from Sudan supply the stalls, but money to buy goods is in short supply.
Most live in tightly clustered wicker shelters with badly ageing plastic sheeting as roofs. Things are only marginally better from when they were living in the open.
"This constant fleeing from one town to another has taken its toll on the community. While some are planning ahead, others are still mentally and physically exhausted by the ordeal of last year," says Paiva Dança the MSF project manager for Aburoc."Some can't think about the future; they will most likely follow the group decision."
Tough decisions ahead
The community of 8,500 people will have to make a grave decision over the coming months. Between February and May, water will become scarce. The expensive option of water trucking from the distant Nile is still under discussion between the humanitarian community and the authorities.
Even though some of the international NGOs based in Aburoc are racing to provide water, it is important to remember that eight months ago there was a cholera crisis in the camp. If we are to avoid such outbreaks again, the quantity and quality standards of water must be maintained", says Jaume Rado, MSF's Head of Mission in South Sudan.
"Peace in this part of South Sudan is fragile," says Jaume Rado. "These internally displaced people need to feel secure enough with the decision to go home when the time comes. Until then they should be able to stay where they are."
To stay or go?
Today three options exist for the displaced community currently in Aburoc. They can stay put, perhaps for another year, and potentially see the conditions degenerate further, with diminishing access to clean water. They can return home to their villages and perhaps face the same violence they had fled from. Or, they can go north to Sudan, far from friends and family, where living conditions in the refugee camps are rough.
When asked if she would leave, one woman said, "Sudan is not my home. I will only go north if the water goes bad. Otherwise, I will stay here."
But elsewhere another woman had made a different decision."I will return home to my village in the coming weeks regardless of what happens. It was a good place and my family would be better there." Her friends nod in agreement.
Dependent on aid
Some humanitarian organisations in the area are starting to leave as they move to other emergencies. But the community still needs their support, as life in Aburoc is unsustainable without the provision of food, water, shelter and medical care.
Even now food rations are so low, many internally displaced people (IDPs) have to find alternative ways to eke out an income to buy the essentials. Some find work as daily labourers for NGOs, others make and sell charcoal. It is not uncommon to hear of widowed women distilling and selling the local moonshine, called marrisa, for a few South Sudanese pounds.
MSF follows the people
MSF teams have have been with many of these people throughout their traumatic journey. Two of its projects, in Wau Shilluk and Kodok, were destroyed by fighting and, as the population ran, MSF followed. In early February 2017, a small field hospital was opened in Aburoc to cater for the swelling numbers.
"In the early days we mainly saw patients with respiratory diseases, diarrhoea, all conditions linked with exposure to the elements," explained Irenge Lukeba Landry, MSF medical activity manager at the time."We were very concerned for patients who needed medication, such as those living with HIV."
"To the best of our abilities we will support the right of people to either stay in Aburoc or return to their homes. In this case it means providing medical and humanitarian services where communities decide to be,” says Jaume Rado. “We hope other humanitarian groups will do likewise."
